Which of the following practices can help reduce soil compaction?

Implementing cover crops is an effective practice for reducing soil compaction. Cover crops, such as legumes and grasses, help to improve soil structure by increasing organic matter and creating a network of roots that can penetrate compacted layers. These roots contribute to the formation of soil aggregates, which enhances porosity and allows for better water infiltration and air movement within the soil. Additionally, when cover crops die and decompose, they leave behind organic material that further enriches the soil, promoting microbial activity and health. This overall improvement in soil health makes it more resilient to compaction from various external pressures.

In contrast, the use of heavy machinery and frequent tillage generally lead to increased soil compaction. Heavy machinery can exert significant pressure on the soil, compressing it and reducing its pore space. Frequent tillage, while it can temporarily disrupt compacted layers, often leads to soil disturbance that can cause further compaction over time as soil particles are rearranged and settle more tightly together. Increased traffic over the soil similarly exacerbates compaction by continually applying weight to the soil surface, leading to a denser soil structure that hinders root growth and water infiltration.