Which of the following is an example of physical weathering?

Physical weathering refers to the process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces without altering their chemical composition. This process is primarily caused by external physical forces rather than chemical changes.

Repeated heating is a prime example of physical weathering. When rocks are exposed to high temperatures, they can expand. Upon cooling, they contract. This cycle of expansion and contraction can create stress within the rock, leading to fractures and eventually causing the rock to break apart. This physical alteration of the rock structure, without changing its chemical makeup, is characteristic of physical weathering.

In contrast, oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation are examples of chemical weathering, where the chemical structure of the minerals is altered through reactions with environmental elements like oxygen, water, or acids. These processes involve changes in the composition of the minerals, distinguishing them from physical weathering.