What role do organisms play in soil?

Organisms in the soil play a vital role in enhancing both its fertility and structure. Soil organisms, including bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and other microorganisms, contribute significantly to the breakdown of organic matter, which releases essential nutrients that plants require for growth. This process of decomposition not only makes nutrients available but also contributes to the formation of humus, a component that improves soil structure by increasing its ability to retain moisture and air.

Furthermore, the activities of these organisms help create soil aggregates, which improve soil aeration and reduce compaction. Good soil structure is essential for encouraging root growth and enabling easier water movement within the soil. In summary, organisms enrich the soil ecosystem, leading to healthier plants and improved agricultural productivity through their roles in nutrient cycling and soil structure enhancement.