What is the primary role of living organisms in soil?

The primary role of living organisms in soil is breaking down organic material. This process is essential for soil health and fertility, as it helps to decompose plant and animal matter, converting it into humus. As organic matter decomposes, it enriches the soil with nutrients that are vital for plant growth. Additionally, this breakdown process promotes the formation of soil structure, enhances aeration, and improves water retention capabilities, which are all beneficial for plant health and agricultural productivity.

The activity of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is particularly significant in this decomposition process. They facilitate nutrient cycling, allowing essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur to be more readily available to plants. This biological activity also plays a crucial role in building a healthy soil ecosystem, promoting a balanced environment that supports various forms of life, including earthworms and larger organisms that further enhance soil quality and function.