What is the primary function of organic matter in soil?

Organic matter in soil plays a crucial role in enhancing soil structure and nutrient content. It is derived from decomposed plant and animal materials, and its presence significantly improves the physical properties of soil. When organic matter decomposes, it forms humus, which helps bind soil particles together, leading to improved soil structure. This enhanced structure increases aeration and water infiltration while reducing compaction.

In terms of nutrient content, organic matter serves as a reservoir for essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It can retain moisture and provide a slow-release source of nutrients to plants, promoting healthier growth. Furthermore, organic matter supports microbial life, which is integral to nutrient cycling and overall soil health.

Other options presented do not accurately reflect the beneficial role of organic matter. For example, while pests may thrive in some soil conditions, organic matter primarily benefits soil health, rather than providing a habitat for pests. Similarly, organic matter does not cause soil erosion or degrade soil quality; in fact, it often helps to prevent erosion by improving soil structure and by holding soil particles together.