What is one of the five main components of soil along with mineral matter, water, air, and living organisms?

One of the five main components of soil is organic matter. Organic matter consists of decomposed plant and animal material, as well as microorganisms. It plays a crucial role in soil health and fertility, enhancing the soil structure, improving moisture retention, and providing essential nutrients for plant growth. Furthermore, organic matter supports a diverse ecosystem of soil organisms that contribute to nutrient cycling and soil aeration.

In contrast, clay, sand, and topsoil are important factors in soil composition but do not represent one of the five main components. Clay and sand are types of mineral matter that determine soil texture and drainage properties. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in organic matter and nutrients, but it is a specific layer rather than a component in the broader sense of soil composition.