What is meant by the term parent material in soil science?

The term "parent material" in soil science refers to the weathered rock debris from which the soil forms. This material serves as the foundational substance from which soil develops over time through processes such as weathering and organic matter accumulation. The characteristics of the parent material, including its mineral composition and texture, significantly influence the soil's properties, such as its fertility, drainage capacity, and the types of vegetation that can thrive in it.

Understanding parent material is crucial for soil classification, land use planning, and agricultural practices, as it provides insight into the potential productivity of the land.