What is a characteristic of healthy soil?

A characteristic of healthy soil is that it is rich in organic matter and biodiversity. Healthy soil contains a diverse array of microorganisms, fungi, insects, and plant roots, which play essential roles in nutrient cycling, soil structure, and overall ecosystem functioning. The presence of organic matter, such as decomposed plant and animal material, enhances soil fertility by providing essential nutrients and improving soil structure. This organic content also promotes a healthy balance of soil organisms, which can improve plant growth, water retention, and erosion control. In contrast, conditions such as high compaction, excessive surface erosion, or low water retention indicate compromised soil health, potentially leading to reduced agricultural productivity and impaired ecosystem services.