What defines soil quality?

Soil quality is primarily defined by its ability to function positively within its ecosystem. This encompasses a variety of factors that contribute to the health and productivity of the soil, including its capacity to retain water, support plant growth, maintain nutrient cycling, and foster biodiversity. A high-quality soil will interact effectively with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, sustaining both plant life and the organisms that inhabit it.

While the amount of minerals present is an important aspect of soil composition and can influence its fertility, it does not alone determine the overall quality of the soil within the context of its ecosystem functions. Similarly, the type of vegetation cover reflects the soil's condition but is more a consequence of soil quality rather than a definition. Depth of soil layers can indicate certain characteristics or limitations of soil but does not encapsulate the complex interactions and functions that define soil quality. By focusing on the ability of soil to support and interact positively with its surrounding environment, one captures a holistic view of soil health and function.