What defines soil health?

The concept of soil health encompasses a broader definition that includes the soil's ability to function effectively within its environment. This includes interactions with biotic factors such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as abiotic factors like water, air, and nutrients. When soil is healthy, it supports plant growth, promotes biodiversity, and contributes to ecosystem stability. Being able to positively interact with its environment means the soil can store and retain water, sequester carbon, and filter pollutants, which are all vital functions for maintaining ecological balance and supporting agriculture.

Other options, while they reflect important aspects of soil, do not capture the holistic definition of soil health. Organic matter is crucial for soil fertility and structure but is just one factor among many. Aesthetic appearance, although it may indicate certain soil qualities, does not provide a comprehensive view of soil function or health. Similarly, water retention capacity is an important characteristic but is only one feature of the many physical and biological interactions that define overall soil health.