What are the main components of soil?

The main components of soil are mineral particles, organic matter, moisture, air, and living organisms. Mineral particles include sand, silt, and clay, which vary in size and contribute to the soil's texture and structure. Organic matter, derived from decomposed plants and animals, enriches the soil with nutrients and promotes microbial activity, which is crucial for healthy soil function.

Moisture within soil not only provides the necessary water for plant growth but also acts as a solvent for nutrients, helping in their transport and availability to plants. Air in the soil is essential for the respiration of roots and soil organisms, enhancing biological activity. Living organisms, from earthworms to bacteria and fungi, play significant roles in nutrient cycling, soil aeration, and the breakdown of organic matter, further contributing to soil health and fertility.

Other choices offer elements of soil composition but miss the holistic view of what constitutes healthy and functional soil. While sand, silt, clay, and rocks focus primarily on the physical structure, they do not encompass biological and chemical components. Water, nutrients, bacteria, and fungi highlight some important aspects but lack the inclusion of physical structure and air, which are equally vital. Lastly, stating only organic matter and mineral particles excludes moisture and living organisms