How is soil quality or health best defined?

Soil quality or health is best defined as the ability of soil to function effectively. This definition encompasses several critical aspects of soil's role in ecosystems, including its capacity to support plant growth, filter water, cycle nutrients, and serve as a habitat for various organisms. Effective functioning of soil is determined by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological properties, which collectively influence its sustainability and productivity.

While nutrient richness, texture and structure, and organic matter content are important factors that contribute to soil health, they are more specific characteristics rather than the overall definition of soil quality. Nutrient richness alone does not capture the full spectrum of soil capabilities, nor do texture and structure provide a comprehensive view. Organic matter is essential for many soil functions but is just one component of what makes soil healthy. Therefore, defining soil health by its functional capacity provides a broader and more holistic understanding of soil quality.